Research view
Title: | Frequency and correlates of anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case–control study |
Author: | Mona M. El Sheikh, Mona I. Awaad, Gehan El Assal, Doaa Heweidi and AbdelGawad Khalifa |
Abstract: |
Background
Appearance of anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction represents important
parameters that could complicate the outcome of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD).
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of anxiety, depression, and
cognitive dysfunctions among COPD patients and to find possible risk factors.
Methodology
A total of 80 COPD patients were assessed using severe combined immunodeficiency
for establishing psychiatric diagnosis, Beck depression inventory for assessment of
severity of depressive symptoms, Hamilton anxiety scale for severity of anxiety
symptoms, trail making tests (TMTs) A and B for cognitive functions, and spirometry
and arterial blood gases for ascertainment of COPD, and they were matched to 80
healthy controls.
Results
In all, 17.5% of patients had mild COPD, 35.5% had moderate COPD, 35.5% had
severe COPD, and 12.5% had very severe COPD. Their mean pO2 level was 65.62
( ± 15.90), and the mean level of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 51.36
( ± 15.55). The patient group showed higher statistically significant difference in the
presence of psychiatric illness (55%, P= 0.001), anxiety level (22.5%, P =0.06),
depression level (42.5%, P= 0.0001), substance abuse (15%, P= 0.035), TMT A
(P = 0.0001), and TMT B (P= 0.0001). Anxiety and depressive scores were
significantly associated with the severity of COPD (Po0.001). Anxiety score
correlated with age (r = – 0.267) and pO2 (r = 0.326). Depression score correlated
with FEV1 (r = – 0.262). Cognitive functions correlated with the level of pO2
(r = 0.324). Age, pO2, FEV1, and substance abuse were independent predictors of
cognitive dysfunction, whereas the former three predicted psychiatric symptoms.
Conclusion
COPD increases the risk for depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments, and thus
raising awareness of clinicians to screen for psychiatric risk factors is essential in
improving COPD outcome.
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Journal: | Middle East Current Psychiatry 2016, 23:179–187 |
Text: | |
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